Chain propagation

In chemistry, chain propagation (sometimes just referred to as propagation) is a process in which a reactive intermediate is continuously regenerated during the course of a chemical chain reaction. For example, in the chlorination of methane, there is a two-step propagation cycle involving as chain carriers a chlorine atom and a methyl radical which are regenerated alternately:

·Cl CH₄ → HCl ·CH₃

·CH₃ Cl₂ → CH₃Cl ·Cl

The two steps add to give the equation for the overall chain reaction:

CH₄ Cl₂ → CH₃Cl HCl

Polymerization

In a chain-growth polymerization reaction, the reactive end-groups of a polymer chain react in each propagation step with a new monomer molecule transferring the reactive group to the last unit. Here the chain carrier is the polymer molecule with a reactive end-group, and at each step it is regenerated with the addition of one monomer unit M: $${\displaystyle {\bigl [}{\ce {-M -}}{\bigr ]}_{n} {\ce {M}}\rightarrow {\bigl [}{\ce {-M -}}{\bigr ]}_{n 1}}$$

External links

• IUPAC Gold Book definition: chain-propagating reaction

References